List seven ways the angiographer can minimize the risk of thrombosis or embolization.

1. Minimize the procedure time
2. Minimize vessel wall damage by using floppy, curved-tip, or steerable guidewires
3. Institute systemic heparinization
4. Flush the catheter frequently with heparinized saline
5. Always use a guidewire to advance the catheter
6. Use a J-shaped guidewire to avoid undermining atherosclerotic plaques
7. Use catheters with side holes whenever possible