Describe four radiographic indications of ligamentous instability (as opposed to unstable injury).

Describe four radiographic indications of ligamentous instability (as opposed to unstable injury).

1. Changes in normal disc space (widening or narrowing)
2. Fanning or widening of the interspinous distance
3. Associated compression fracture of more than 25% of the affected vertebral body
4. Anterior subluxation of more than 4 mm