Describe the ultrasound characteristics of renal calculi How is CT performed for renal calculi? List 11 causes of ureteral stricture. List 12 causes of a focal calcification over renal shadows other than stones List eight causes of nonobstructive dilation of the renal pelvis. List eight causes of pelvic calcifications. List four causes of a filling defect in the renal collecting system. List six conditions that can mimic hydronephrosis. List the six types of renal calculi. What are the CT findings of calculus? What are the advantages and limitations of IVP when studying renal calculi? What is a phlebolith? What is the comet tail sign? What is the typical appearance of a phlebolith? What is the typical appearance of obstruction by a renal calculus on IVP? What modality is most sensitive and specific for renal calculi? What options are available for treatment of ureteral calculi? What percentage of renal calculi are dense on CT? What percentage of renal calculi are radiopaque on plain films? What size renal calculi can be detected by ultrasound? Which types of renal calculi are most opaque on plain films? Which types of renal calculi are not opaque on plain films? Book traversal links for Calculi ‹ Collecting system and ureteral disorders Up Describe the ultrasound characteristics of renal calculi ›