Name 9 causes of mechanical small bowel obstruction.

Name 9 causes of mechanical small bowel obstruction.

Extraluminal causes
1. Adhesions (75% of cases)
2. Hernia (20% of cases)
3. Extrinsic mass
4. Volvulus

Intramural causes
5. Stricture (e.g., as a result of Crohn's disease or radiation therapy)
6. Intramural mass (e.g., metastasis, primary carcinoid)
7. Intussusception (caused by a mass or polyp)

Intraluminal causes
8. Gallstone ileus
9. Foreign body