List five signs of increased pulmonary vascularity (pulmonary venous hypertension) on CXR.

List five signs of increased pulmonary vascularity (pulmonary venous hypertension) on CXR.

Key Question

1. Cephalization (i.e., increased diameter of the upper lobe vessels)
2. Interstitial prominence with Kerley A and B lines
3. Indistinct pulmonary vascular margins
4. Alveolar infiltrates
5. Pleural effusion