List seven complications of TIPS

List seven complications of TIPS

1. Encephalopathy (as many as 25% of patients)
2. Stenosis or occlusion (caused by shunt thrombosis or intimal hyperplasia)
3. Puncture of the liver capsule or intra-abdominal hemorrhage
4. Volume overload leading to right-sided heart failure
5. Contrast nephrotoxicity
6. Accelerated liver failure
7. Infection