List eight angiographic signs of arterial injury.
List eight angiographic signs of arterial injury.
1. Hemorrhage (extravasation of contrast)
2. Occlusion of distal segment
3. Dissection (longitudinal intimal tear, true and false lumens)
4. Pseudoaneurysm
5. Derangement of normal anatomy (e.g., displacement by hematoma or bone)
6. Arterial spasm (narrowing and delayed filling)
7. Thrombosis
8. AV fistula