At what week does the fetal kidney begin making significant urine? Can these masses be differentiated using ultrasound? Give four signs of polyhydramnios. Give three definitions of oligohydramnios. How should placenta previa be evaluated sonographically? List five causes of oligohydramnios List five causes of polyhydramnios. List five other causes of thickened placenta. List four causes of the double bubble sign in the fetus. List four features that characterize fetal omphalocele. List four renal anomalies associated with oligohydramnios. List three methods for estimating amniotic fluid volume. List three spinal sonographic findings that may be associated with neural tube defects. List two ultrasound findings that suggest abruptio placentae. Name four causes of fetal ventriculomegaly. Name four features that characterize fetal gastroschisis. Name seven intrathoracic masses seen in the fetus. Name the three forms of holoprosencephaly. Name three common causes of vaginal bleeding in the third trimester. Name three cranial sonographic findings that may be associated with neural tube defects. Name three defects of neural tube closure. What are the components of the lethal condition known as the pentalogy of Cantrell? What are the two important clinical considerations when a teratoma is discovered? What are these cardiac anomalies? What complication may occur if an intrathoracic mass is present? What distinguishes these types? What is a Dandy-Walker malformation? What is holoprosencephaly? What is placenta previa? What is placental abruption? What is the Dandy-Walker variant? What is the classic ultrasound appearance of a cystic hygroma? What is the clinical presentation of placenta previa? What is the differential diagnosis of a cystic mass at the back of the head or neck of the fetus? What is the double bubble sign? What is the greatest danger associated with assessment of suspected placenta previa? What is the normal volume of amniotic fluid at birth? What is the possible significance of a cystic hygroma? What is the significance of an encephalocele or meningocele? What organ is the most common origin of cystic abdominal masses in the fetus? What other views may be obtained to evaluate the possibility of fetal cardiac anomalies? What percentage of fetal cardiac anomalies can be detected on a four-chamber view? What six steps are involved in evaluating a mass in the fetal abdomen? What sonographic findings are associated with holoprosencephaly? What three features of Chiari II malformation are apparent on obstetric ultrasound? What two masses may be seen near the umbilical cord insertion? When is an omphalocele considered normal? Where are fetal teratomas located most often, and what is their appearance on ultrasound? Where is amniotic fluid produced? Where is amniotic fluid resorbed? Which is highly associated with chromosomal and structural abnormalities, the Dandy-Walker malformation or its variant? Which one of these forms can be difficult to detect sonographically? Why is abnormal amniotic fluid volume an indicator of congenital abnormalities? Book traversal links for Fetal anomalies ‹ Is examination of the fetus by ultrasound technically easier during the second trimester or at full term? Up At what week does the fetal kidney begin making significant urine? ›