List nine causes of colonic obstruction.

List nine causes of colonic obstruction.

1. Carcinoma
2. Diverticulitis
3. Volvulus (sigmoid more than cecal)
4. Hernias (internal, external, or diaphragmatic)
5. Invasive pelvic malignancy
6. Intussusception
7. Postinflammatory stricture
8. Endometriosis
9. Fecal impaction