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Cardiac
Disorders of the heart and coronary arteries
Congestive heart failure
What are the four common causes of left-sided CHF?
What are the four common causes of left-sided CHF?
What are the four common causes of left-sided CHF?
1. Ischemia (acute or chronic)
2. Multiple infarcts
3. Cardiomyopathy
4. Valvular heart disease